• Oxidative stress has recently been reported as one of the

  2024-01-04

  

  Oxidative stress has recently been reported as one of the important mechanisms of toxic effect of Cd2+[43]. The mechanism of Cd2+-induced oxidative stress involves an imbalance between generation and removal of ROS in tissues and cellular components, causing damage to membranes, DNA, and proteins [4

• br Introduction Throughout early prophase I

  2024-01-03

  

  Introduction Throughout early prophase I, meiotic cells intentionally generate DSBs as part of a stringently controlled process to initiate homologous recombination (HR). HR is a critical DSB repair pathway that ultimately permits the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes

• br Introduction Melatonin N acetyl methoxytryptamine is a

  2024-01-03

  

  Introduction Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a neurohormone which is mainly secreted from the pineal gland. Melatonin is a highly conserved molecule present not only in vertebrates but also in nonvertebrates such as bacteria, protists, fungi, macroalgae, and plants (Cecon et al., 2017

• We also showed that steatosis induced an additional increase

  2024-01-03

  

  We also showed that steatosis induced an additional increase of ASK1 activation that was associated to the exacerbation of hepatocyte and liver damage and was unrelated to ER stress. Indeed, several settings, also different to ER stress, can induce ASK1 activation and many of them involve oxidative

• cdc42 pathway The accumulation of oxidized low density lipop

  2024-01-03

  

  The accumulation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is one of the many causes of the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis (Virmani et al., 2002; Pirillo et al., 2013; Sun et al., 2016; Huang et al., 2016; Tabas, 2010). oxLDL-induced apoptosis of macrophages contributes to the forma

• As regards LEPR Sun et al showed that the

  2024-01-03

  

  As regards LEPR, Sun et al. showed that the rs1137101-223A > G polymorphism influences the effectiveness of simvastatin on plasma HDL-C levels in CHD patients [35]. In accordance with the results of García-Bermúdez et al., however, no such an association exists between leptin rs2167270 (G > A) polym

• APJ receptor expression is altered in various cardiovascular

  2024-01-03

  

  APJ receptor expression is altered in various cardiovascular diseases, and both increases as well as decreases in APJ receptor expression have been reported. A decrease in mRNA and protein levels of APJ receptors was observed in patients with ischemic heart disease or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopat

• br Introduction Increasing number of mycosis infections has

  2024-01-03

  

  Introduction Increasing number of mycosis infections has been reported during the past several years because of the rise in the number of immuno-compromised individuals in subtropical and tropical countries with high mortality and morbidity [1], [2]. Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubr

• br Concluding Remarks Despite major advances

  2024-01-03

  

  Concluding Remarks Despite major advances in the development of antibody and small-molecule tumor angiogenesis inhibitors, therapy resistance, both innate and acquired, continues to limit further survival improvements for patients with cancer. Preclinical models of localized primary tumors and me

• br G protein activation through croaker ZIP An

  2024-01-03

  

  G protein activation through croaker ZIP9 An essential criterion for designating a steroid binding protein as a membrane steroid receptor is to demonstrate that it can transduce steroid signals in order to elicit a cellular response. Treatment with 100nMT caused G protein activation in croaker ZI

• The role of circulating physiologic concentrations of

  2024-01-03

  

  The role of circulating physiologic concentrations of FGF21 in glucose metabolism, however, remains unclear. Circulating FGF21 levels in obese and diabetic rodents, and in patients with type 2 diabetes are significantly higher than those in controls without diabetes [4], [5], [6]. On the other hand,

• Until now five muscarinic receptor M

  2024-01-03

  

  Until now, five muscarinic receptor (M1-5) genes have been cloned, but, M1-3 receptors are functionally recognized in the lungs. Smooth muscle contraction is mainly mediated by M3. M2 may also participate in the contraction via Gi protein which leads to a decrease in cAMP. On the other hand, M2 is l

• 3-bromo-5-phenyl Salicylic Acid Several approved and or expe

  2024-01-02

  

  Several approved and/or experimental drugs, together with natural compounds, have been reported to induce autophagy in different cancer types [70], [71], [72] (Table 1). In the next paragraphs, we will review more in detail a group of these agents selected in relation to their promising future outco

• Acl converts cytosolic citrate CoA and

  2024-01-02

  

  Acl converts cytosolic citrate, CoA and ATP into acetyl-CoA, ADP+Pi and oxaloacetate (Fig. 1). This cytosolic enzyme is present in few Prokaryotes and in all Eukaryotes, but not in non-oleaginous yeasts [14]. Thus, this enzyme was presumed to be essential for FA synthesis [1], [13], [15]. In most mi

• The class C receptors also share a common agonist binding

  2024-01-02

  

  The class C receptors also share a common agonist-binding mode. In all cases, an agonist induces VFT closure by forming intermolecular bonds with surface residues in both the LB1 and LB2 domains (Geng et al., 2013, Geng et al., 2016, Kunishima et al., 2000, Muto et al., 2007, Nuemket et al., 2017, T

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