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br Diabetic retinopathy Diabetic retinopathy is a severe
2024-07-11
Diabetic retinopathy Diabetic retinopathy is a severe sight-threatening complication associated with diabetes mellitus. It is one of the most common causes of preventable blindness in the world. The risk of developing microvascular diabetic complications increases in diabetic patients with an inc
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br Material and methods br Results br Discussion Nimodipine
2024-07-11
Material and methods Results Discussion Nimodipine administration inhibited the level of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, a sensor of cellular energy status that directs metabolic CGP 55845 hydrochloride receptor to support cellular growth and survival. CCH influences t
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740 Y-P The importance of TARPs for
2024-07-11
The importance of TARPs for AMPAR expression and function was revealed initially in the cerebellum, where the lack of γ-2 in the mutant mice waggler and stargazer (stg/stg) was associated with a selective loss of AMPAR-mediated synaptic currents in cerebellar granule 740 Y-P (Chen et al., 2000; Has
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br Author contributions br Financial disclosures
2024-07-11
Author contributions Financial disclosures Acknowledgements We thank Ms. Eva So for the editorial assistance. This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81622015, 81571042 and 81501143) and the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2
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Introduction Rapeseed oil production is
2024-07-11
Introduction Rapeseed oil production is very important not only because of its application in food industry, but also in petrochemical branch. Additionally, post-extraction meal and bagasse from oilseed rape are important sources of proteins in animal feedstuffs production. Oilseed rape (Brassica n
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During the year study period
2024-07-10
During the 4-year study period, 19.9% of men in the dutasteride group developed prostate cancer as compared to 25.1% in the placebo group, which represents an absolute risk WAY-100635 receptor of 5.1% for men taking dutasteride (Pe weighed against the prospect of undesirable sexual side effects and
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Regarding androgens it is known that they are also essential
2024-07-10
Regarding androgens, it is known that they are also essential for reproductive success (Walters et al., 2010). At the molecular level, their effects are produced mainly by dihydrotestosterone (DHT), arising from the conversion of testosterone by the enzyme 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid-4-dehydrogenase (enco
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The Kelch like ECH associated protein Keap Nrf signaling pat
2024-07-10
The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-Nrf2 signaling pathway functions as one of the key regulator of the cellular defense system against oxidative stress [26]. Nrf2 is a redox-sensitive transcription factor, that is sequestered in the cytoplam by binding to Keap1; however, under oxidative
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Once apoptosis has been initiated the HMGA proteins themselv
2024-07-10
Once apoptosis has been initiated the HMGA proteins themselves undergo marked changes in both the types and extent of their post-translational modifications (PTMs; review in [149,175]), some of which are likely correlated with alterations in chromatin structure. For example, the early stages of apop
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Introduction Heterotrimeric G proteins mediate
2024-07-10
Introduction Heterotrimeric Gαβγ proteins mediate signal transduction through seven-transmembrane domain receptors. In response to neurotransmitters or hormones, activated receptors bind GTP via the Gα subunit leading to the dissociation of Gα from the Gβγ dimer. G proteins regulate the levels of s
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Medium spiny neurons MSNs in the striatum start
2024-07-09
Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the striatum start from a deeply hyperpolarized resting membrane potential, slowly depolarize and show a delayed start of firing during a current injection (Kawaguchi, 1993, Nisenbaum and Wilson, 1995, Planert et al., 2013). The firing pattern during the current inject
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amantadine hcl The present work has implications
2024-07-09
The present work has implications for our thinking about the effects of antidepressant (e.g. SSRIs) use on maternal care in depressed mothers which consist of approximately 10–20% of all mothers (Gjerdingen and Yawn, 2007, Susser et al., 2016), and more than 40% of depressed mothers are prescribed w
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br Aberrantly enhanced adenosine signaling in retina
2024-07-09
Aberrantly enhanced adenosine signaling in retina of oxygen-induced retinopathy Current therapeutic development of ROP focuses on directly targeting VEGF and HIF-1α signaling pathway (Cavallaro et al., 2014, Penn et al., 2008, Mintz-Hittner et al., 2011, Hartnett and Penn, 2012). However, cellula
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octanoic acid Materials and methods br Results br Discussion
2024-07-09
Materials and methods Results Discussion ATX plays a significant role in initiating and sustaining tumor metastasis [43]. LPA stimulates cell proliferation, migration and survival by acting on its cognate G-protein-coupled receptors. Aberrant LPA production, receptor octanoic acid and signali
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Apoptosis signal regulating kinase ASK also referred
2024-07-08
Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1, also referred to as MAP3K5)(Ichijo et al., 1997) participates in many different stress responses, including apoptosis (Chang et al., 1998, Chen et al., 1999, Ichijo et al., 1997, Kanamoto et al., 2000, Noguchi et al., 2008, Saitoh et al., 1998, Tobiume et
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