• br Declaration of conflicting interests br Funding The autho

  2019-08-13

  

  Declaration of conflicting interests Funding The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by CT Stem Cell grant # 15-RMB-YALE-07 (to L.E.N), and by an unrestricted Research Gift from

• Multiple sequence alignment of the

  2019-08-13

  

  Multiple sequence alignment of the proteins in the DGAT1 sub-family shows that there are about 41 conserved amino 5-lipoxygenase residues distributed over seven sequence motifs [74]. Unlike DGAT2, a large number of DGAT1 residues, including a majority of the conserved residues, are found in a loop

• Introduction The Discoidin Domain Receptors DDRs comprising

  2019-08-13

  

  Introduction The Discoidin Domain Receptors (DDRs), comprising DDR1 and DDR2, are collagen-binding receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that function as microenvironmental sensors at the interface of the extracellular matrix and the intracellular signal transduction machinery [1]. In response to ligand

• br Expression and Purification of Atg and

  2019-08-13

  

  Expression and Purification of Atg4 and Atg8 Proteins for In Vitro Assays Measurement of Atg4 Activity In Vitro and Ex Vivo Kinetics Analysis of Atg4 Enzymes Summary Atg4 proteases play a crucial role in preparing Atg8 for conjugation to lipid membranes and for the deconjugation of Atg8

• IL is not expressed in tissues constitutively because of

  2019-08-13

  

  IL-8 is not expressed in tissues constitutively because of its strong chemoattractant, proinflammatory, and angiogenic activities. Rather, it is an inducible factor, produced by a variety of cell types, including leukocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial and epithelial cells, in response to proinflammato

• A previous report showed that the transfer

  2019-08-13

  

  A previous report showed that the transfer of the CSF1 gene into tumor sb chemical induced TAM infiltration into syngeneic BALB/c mice. High expressions of CSF-1 and CSF-1R in tumor and stromal cells and a high TAM density are known to be correlated with poor prognoses in many cancer types. CSF-1 p

• An AmDH is engineered by mutating two conserved

  2019-08-12

  

  An AmDH is engineered by mutating two conserved amino with residues in the active site of an amino acid dehydrogenase (AADH). Starting from the leucine dehydrogenase (LeuDH) from Bacillus stearothermophilus, substituting a serine and leucine at the K68 and N261 positions, respectively, resulted in

• br Abbreviations br Introduction br Collagen induced DDR

  2019-08-12

  

  Abbreviations Introduction Collagen-induced DDR activation A key feature of DDRs is their ability to bind both fibrillar and non-fibrillar collagens (Shrivastava et al., 1997, Vogel et al., 1997). DDR1 and DDR2 recognize the GVMGVO (O, hydroxyproline) motif within fibrillar collagens I–III

• In the absence of ligand

  2019-08-12

  

  In the absence of ligand RNA, 2CARD of RIG-I is masked by the intramolecular interaction with the helicase domain, showing auto-repressed state [33], [34]. But upon viral RNA binding, 2CARD of RIG-I is exposed to interact with the CARD domain of MAVS (also known as Cardif, IPS-1 or VISA) on mitochon

• However there are still some issues that remain poorly

  2019-08-12

  

  However, there are still some issues that remain poorly understood. For instance, how TGF-β modulates DDR2 expression and whether Smads participate in the regulation. How does DDR2 regulate the expression of PTHrP via Runx2? Is there any other kinase downstream of DDR2 participating in PTHrP regulat

• br Materials and methods br Author contributions

  2019-08-12

  

  Materials and methods Author contributions Acknowledgements Supported by grants from the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation (LY16H030016, LY17H030012), and the Zhejiang Science and Technology Public Welfare Project (2015C33279), Anesthesiology Center in North of Zhejiang Provinc

• br Role of CRF receptors in the BNST in stress

  2019-08-12

  

  Role of CRF1 receptors in the BNST in stress-induced relapse to cocaine seeking The seminal work of Stewart and co-workers [19] showed that rats that have extinguished their auto-administration of different drugs of abuse relapse to drug-seeking behaviour when exposed to footshock, even after a 4

• Among the various neurotransmitter systems pointed

  2019-08-12

  

  Among the various neurotransmitter systems pointed out to play a role in the mediation of defensive and antinociceptive responses elicited by environmentally aversive stimuli, the neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing factor or hormone (CRF or CRH) has attracted the interest of many researchers inves

• br Material and methods br Results br Discussion br Conclusi

  2019-08-12

  

  Material and methods Results Discussion Conclusions To conclude, although CPT2 and CPT1 must have co-evolved to establish the carnitine shuttling, these enzymes are the most distantly related carnitine transferases, split early in evolution, during which a switch occurred in their locati

• Furthermore many intermediate plants did not show additive

  2019-08-12

  

  Furthermore, many intermediate plants did not show additive combinations of parental allozymes, which would be expected in F1 hybrids. The absence of some characteristic parental bands suggests that sexual reproduction has occurred among the hybrid plants. Genetic variations within and among the int

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